2001, 20-30, Monte, M. del and Sabbioni, C. 1987: ‘A study of the patina called ‘scialbatura‘ on imperial Roman marbles’, Studies in Conservation 32.3, 114-21, Monte, M. del, Ausset, P. & Lefevre, R.A. 1998: ‘Traces of the colours on Trajan’s Column’, Archaeometry 40, 403-12, Ohlsen, W. 1981: Monumentalschrift. A pedimental channel has been cut into the stone above, and framing, the door, obliterating the middle of the bottom line of the inscription. The shaft surface is carved with a 200m. C. de Mourges frères, 1865 (OCoLC)794906376: Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Wilhelm Froehner; Musée du Louvre. Musée d'archéologie nationale 9/11 - Prise de vue des moulages de la colonne, 19 juillet 1862. The column is approximately 98 feet tall, excluding its base and is decorated with carvings depicting Trajan's two victories against the … Therefore, logically, the latter is not wrapped over, but cut into, the column surface. Reusable components removed at unknown dates included the four doors of the pedestal, the door leading onto the balcony, the balcony railings, and the bronze statue on the top of the monument. 6.32). La colonne Trajane is a must-see and must-read for all those interested in Roman sculpture and Roman history. AD DECLARANDVM QVANTAE ALTITVDINIS The modern restorers are optimistic that the solution arrived at through careful study is adequately protective and stable, with some diminution of carbon emissions by motor vehicles and oil-fired central-heating systems (Armstrong 1983; Zanardi 1988; Conti 2000). Carving Trajan's Column discusses the process and techniques that actually produced the column and its decoration. Colonne 1976: La Colonne Trajane, les dossiers de l’archéologie 17, July-August, Dijon. Elle est célèbre pour le bas-relief qui s'enroule en spirale autour de son fût et commémore la victoire de l'empereur Trajan sur les Daces lors … on each side (Martines 2001a, Pl. Lower shaft, looking NE, (SW window alignment). 25 mars 2018 - Cette épingle a été découverte par Françoise Perdrizet. Scholars have made much of this feature, and some have concluded that the intended concept was that of an illustrated book-roll (rotulus) wound around the shaft. Corpus dei disegni, 1981-2001, Roma, Martines, G. 2001b: ‘Note di tecnica su Apollodoro di Damasco’, in Festa Farina et al. Monument. ; France. La colonne Trajane (en latin : Columna Traiani) est une colonne triomphale romaine située sur le forum de Trajan à Rome. C'est pas sorcier -Pont du Gard et Arènes de Nîmes : L'architecture gallo-romaine - Duration: 26:16. Introduzione allo studio dei fregi d’armi antichi, Roma, Rockwell, P. 1981-83: ‘Preliminary study of the carving techniques on the Column of Trajan’, Marmi Antichi, Studi Miscellanei 26, Roma, 101-11, Rockwell, P. 1993: The Art of Stoneworking: a Reference Guide, Cambridge, Wilson Jones, M. 1999: ‘The practicalities of Roman entasis’, in Haselberger, L. (ed. 91). Pedestal Side 1 engraving (G.B. (ed.) Voyager comme Ulysse La colonne Trajane, 2e siècle AD. Colonne Trajane Colonne Trajane: La colonne Trajane : Lieu de construction : Regio VIII Forum Romanum Forums impériaux, forum de Trajan: Date de construction : 113 apr. and Al Azm, A.N. To the left of this a door led to a short corridor, a second door and a rear chamber. The balcony was refaced and clamped, and its sides carry the main monumental inscription: SIXTVS V B(eato) APOST(oli) PON(tificatus) A(nno) III (see Martines 2001a, Pl. Scenes CXLVII and CLIV-V were particularly affected. Intégralité des reliefs du monument, frise 4 sur 6. Through the Mediaeval period detritus built up around the pedestal of Trajan’s Column, to some extent protecting its sculptural detail. Trajan’s Column is a ‘Tuscan’ or ‘Roman Doric’ order column, 29.78m. Pedestal east corner (eagle, swag and ribbons). Access to the rear room was drastically narrowed, and, to accommodate the additional pier, the marble bench had to be chiselled away leaving a remnant zone of rough tool-marks (Martines 2001a, Pl. Mid shaft, Scenes XCIV-CVII, looking N (loss of stone below drum joint in Scene CI). This is especially clear when the Victory figures dividing the two wars on each monument are viewed together. Carrara marble (marmor Lunensium) quarries at Fantiscritti, Carrara, Italy. 1969: Die Trajanssäule, Bucaresti and Bonn, Francesi 1988:  La Colonna Traiana e gli artisti francesi da Luigi XIV a Napoleone I, Roma, Froehner, W. 1872-74: La Colonne Trajane, Paris, Heiken, G., Funiciello, R. and De Rita, D. 2005: The Seven Hills of Rome. 106). the imperator Caesar, son of the divine Nerva, Nerva TRAJANA emphasizes the interpretation of the Column's narrative in … Both reinforced the ceilings. 1. Plan. Mortared rubble walls were constructed inside the south-west corridor and a pier was added in the rear chamber of the pedestal. The rate of erosion has indubitably accelerated since 1870 when Rome became the new capital of a united Italy. Palazzi Pietro & Angelo Massimi (Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne). Il a la place à arcades, la Basilique Ulpia, la colonne Trajane et le temple de Trajan. This helical stair also determined the other ancient designation for such monuments as ‘shell columns’ (columnae coclides; Beckmann 2002). « Deux tem-ples couronnent la plateforme du rocher qui domine la côte se dresse un sanctuaire de proportions moins considérables, mais plus gracieux de forme ; la statue de la divinité que l'on voit à l'intérieur (le sculpteur l'a pla- Again ecclesiastical structures may have been built up against this side of the Column. It has been suggested that the earthquake of AD 1349 was responsible (Heiken et al. Les reliefs de la colonne Trajane forment un bas-relief qui s'enroule en hélice autour du fût de la colonne Trajane, de la base au sommet. […] Upper shaft looking SE (narrow frieze field, broadest top three windings). Study 76 Gothic Architecture flashcards from carly g. on StudyBlue. MONS ET LOCVS TANT[IS OPE]RIBVS SIT EGESTIS. This started with the visit of the emperor Constantius II in AD 357 (Ammianus Marcellinus 16.10.14), if not before. On Side 4 the medial, vertical join between blocks E and F has been opened up massively, cutting down into the course below. New York +1 212 636 2000. causing some cracking and damage to the internal staircase and external surface. Sub-heading Palaces; Castles; Chateaux; Villas; Country Houses; Manor Houses Accession LS007970 View / Detail Drawing Originating Collection Unknown Slide Producer Scene XCVIII (heavily eroded and verdigris wash on left). 1. TRAIANI (la); Trajan's Column, Column of Trajan, Trajan column (th); Columna Trajana (ca); Trajansøylen (nn); Zuil van Traianus (nl); Trajan’s Column (en); Kolono de Trajano (eo); Traianův sloup (cs); Колона на Траян, Траяновата колона (bg), Library of Congress authority ID: sh85136842, Saint Peter's statue atop the Colonna Traiana (Rome), 7965 - Roma - Cupola Santissimo Nome di Maria e colonna traianea - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 6-Apr-2008.jpg, A brief history of the nations and of their progress in civilization (1896) (14595852017).jpg, Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Maria - panoramio.jpg, City of Rome skyline with clouds and a blue sky.jpg, Colonna Traiana e Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano - Roma.jpg, Colonna Traiana Santissimo Nome di Maria dome Rome.jpg, Colonne Trajane - Partie inférieure - Rome - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - APMH00025784.jpg, Columna lui Traian, Roma - detaliu Decebal.jpg, Eglise Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano 2.JPG, Kolumna Trajana i Kosciol Najswietdzego Imienia Marii.JPG, La Basilica Ulpia e la Colonna di Traiano.jpg, Colum of Trajan, Rome, Italy Wellcome M0000110.jpg, Rione I Monti, Roma, Italy - panoramio (19).jpg, Rione I Monti, Roma, Italy - panoramio (28).jpg, Rione I Monti, Roma, Italy - panoramio (45).jpg, Rione II Trevi, 00187 Roma, Italy - panoramio (88).jpg, Rione X Campitelli, 00186 Roma, Italy - panoramio (1).jpg, Rione X Campitelli, 00186 Roma, Italy - panoramio (114).jpg, Rione X Campitelli, 00186 Roma, Italy - panoramio (128).jpg, Rom, Kirche Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano, Trajanssäule und Julius-Caesar-Statue.JPG, Rom, römische Kuppeln an der Piazza Venezia (12220440494).jpg, Rom-112-Santa Maria di Loreto-SS Nome di Maria-Trajanssaeule-1983-gje.jpg, Roma - Chiesa della Madonna di Loreto.jpg, Roma - Column of Traianus - from below - panoramio.jpg, Rome - Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano - 20150714200630.jpg, Rome, Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano 001.JPG, Santissimo Nome di Maria and Colonna Traiana and Santa Maria do Loreto.JPG, Santissimo Nome di Maria and Trajan's Column - Rome 2016 (2).jpg, Santissimo Nome di Maria and Trajan's Column - Rome 2016.jpg, Santissimo Nome di Maria and Trajan's Column, Rome - panoramio (1935).jpg, Top columna trajana dome SS Nome di Maria Rome.jpg, Trajan column (Rome) September 2015-1.jpg, Trajan column (Rome) September 2015-2.jpg, Trajan's Column - Rome, Italy - DSC01626.jpg, Trajan's Column - Rome, Italy - DSC01634.jpg, Trajan's Column - Rome, Italy - DSC01637.jpg, Trajan's Column - Rome, Italy - DSC01639.jpg, Trajan's Column - Rome, Italy - DSC01641.jpg, Trajan's Column and Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano - Rome, Italy - DSC01625.jpg, Trajan's Column and Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano Church (31478373557).jpg, Trajan's Column and Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano Church (45505434665).jpg, Trajan's Column and Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano Church (45505459445).jpg, Trajan's Column and Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano Church (45694750594).jpg, Trajan's Forum traffic, Rome, Italy (9611407992).jpg, Trajan's Market, Imperial Forums, Rome (14292621873).jpg, Trajans Column seen from Trajans market.jpg, Trajanus kolonn, fotograf alers, augusti 2004.png, Winged Victory (Nike) bronze statue against background of Trajan's Column and dome of Santa Maria di Loreto church. Learn more about Trajan in this article. On the right side of the vestibule a door led directly to a staircase of 27 steps in four sections with four left-hand, ninety-degree turns. In addition, the exposure of the monument to winds with a higher saline content blowing up the Tiber from the sea more adversely affected the south and south-west facing surface than the other, more sheltered aspects (Armstrong 1983; Conti 2000, 248). The first illustration represents the principal (southeast) side of the … Pantheon threshold, Rome, a single block of africano marble. La profusion de monuments, de lieux déterminants pour la construction de notre monde moderne y sont... légion. Augustan Tomb of Cestius, Porta Ostiense, Roma. This is because Trajan’s Column stands on solid sandstone bedrock, while the later column was built on deep alluvial sediment. Florescu 1969, Fig. Dans la colonne de gauche Cette colonne contient un lien vous permettant de naviguer vers la fiche de l'artiste en cliquant sur son nom, d'accéder à la notice du Musée Napoléon correspondante, si elle existe, ou de consulter les fiches d'expositions de l'oeuvre. the steep stairs for spectators in the Flavian Amphitheatre/Colosseum). Érigé pour commémorer la victoire de l'empereur Trajan dans la guerre des Daces. Three pairs of fluttering ribbons also extend from the eagles’ talons filling the spaces below. 25). Barbarian spolia entirely cover Sides 3-4 and on each die they are presented in two horizontal panels, one above the other. A Geological Tour of the Eternal City, Princeton, Kemp, T. 1999: Formal Brush Writing, Oxford, Lancaster, L. 1999: ‘Building Trajan’s Column’, American Journal of Archaeology 103, 413-39, Martines, G. 1980: ‘Appunti sulla Colonna Traiana; guasti e patine’, Ricerche di Storia dell’arte 11, 56-62, Martines, G. 2000: ‘L’architettura’, in Scheid, J. and Huet, V. An engaged bronze foot and the head were reportedly discovered in the 16th century, but were subsequently lost (Coarelli 2000b, 27). The base of the pedestal is plain with two registers separated by a chamfer, and is crowned by an astragal decorated with guilloche, a narrow fillet, a cyma decorated with a double line of acanthus leaves, and a cable moulding (Martines 2001a, Pl. A Study of the Letters of the Inscription at the Base of the Trajan Column, with an Outline of the History of Lettering in Britain, London, Festa Farina, F., Calcani, G., Meucci, C., Conforto, M.L. Intégralité des reliefs du monument, frise 5 sur 6. Haute de 40 mètres elle est exceptionnelle à bien des égards. […] At the top of the shaft the frieze appears to wrap around 24 flutings which have sharp arrises. On the latter stand two further cylindrical blocks which once supported a bronze statue of the emperor … Le forum a été construit par ordre de l’empereur Trajan avec le butin de guerre amenés après la conquête de la Dacie, qui a été achevée en 106. high, carved to form a wreath of double laurel leaves with berries, spirally bound by an edged and decorated fillet. Accession_number 58.607.1 Addeddate 2014-02-26 02:16:28 Dimensions 10 1/4 x 8 3/8in. […] Geste et image sur la Colonne de Marc Aurèle à Rome, Turnhout, 2000, 19-88, Martines, G. 2001a: Colonna Traiana. Coupe à décor végétal, dite « canthare d’Alésia » (Ier siècle avant J.-C. – début du Ier siècle après J.-C.) – Musée d’Archéologie nationale. The senate and people of Rome (dedicate this) to and 3.00m. It is made up of eight rectangular blocks (A-H, as designated by Martines) laid in pairs, cross-wise, in alternating courses (Martines 2001a, Pl. The latter number is extraordinary as a piece of geometric virtuosity because it was much easier to divide up a circle into 12 or 16 (Wilson Jones 1993, 30-1; 2000, 169; Martines 2000, 23, 27-8, Fig. […] Trajan's Column, Rome, Italy, Europe Categories & Keywords. high (Rockwell 1993, 238-39, Table 1-2; Beckmann 2006, 233-34). The area around the window in Scenes CLIV-V has very badly cracked with loss of a sizeable piece of marble. Coulston, J.C.N. Middle and upper shaft exterior with window alignment and NE-facing door, looking NW. Spiral staircase, looking down (drum joint and window water ingress). It was carved following free-hand painting of the letters, without use of a cartoon or geometrically drafted letter forms (Evetts 1938; Catlich 1968; Ohlsen 1981; Kemp 1999). On Trajan’s Column the drum joint comes across Victory’s lower legs and drapery with no displacement (Scene LXXVIII.1). All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the. This layout is reflected on the designs of commemorative Trajanic coin issues depicting the Column (e.g. La colonne dans la Rome antique est localisée par le point rouge. Download PDF: Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following location(s): http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/... (external link) On each side of the pedestal, between a projecting lower base and a projecting upper cornice, the rectangular die is 3.05m. The type of stone has been securely identified by isotopic analysis (Martines 2000). TRAIANO AVG GERM DACICO PONTIF Pedestal interior, vestibule and start of staircase looking NE (block B-D joint; right lamp niche). Upper shaft looking west (end of helical frieze). Détail d’une inscription grecque trouvée sur une colonne ionique construite durant la période hellénistique et romaine dans la portion sud de l’Agora d’Aphrodisias – Turquie Érechthéion sur l’Acropole d’Athènes, Ve siècle av. La A section of the torus wreath has been badly broken on its northern aspect. Helical frieze Scene CXLV (with ‘human’ scale, 1984). 92). Of the four eagles standing on the corners, the west and north have been broken away entirely, while the south and east have lost their heads. Seventeen drums are stacked to form the rest of the shaft, each weighing approximately 29-33 tons after sculpting. Top of spiral satircase, inscribed Greek notice of Constantius II’s visit. The door below the inscription is flanked and topped by sculpted military equipment. Two Greek inscriptions at the top of the staircase date to this episode (Cinzia Conti pers. Trajan’s Column, Scene LXXVIII, Louis XIV inscription. Trajan, augustus, Germanicus, Dacicus, pontifex Its tail starts at the first window on the south-east side, above the door, and is finally pinched out at the top over the north-east window alignment. Ce complexe spectaculaire est le plus grand forum romain. may be suggested. 90; 1988b, Fig. Trajan’s Column is a ‘Tuscan’ or ‘Roman Doric’ order column, 29.78m. Externally the surfaces of the two drums above the balcony are also tooth-chisel dressed. ; Wilson Jones 2000, 165). The shaft of 17 drums stands on a square base and a torus, and is topped by a Doric capital, and a balcony formed by the top surface of the abacus. Piranesi). The latter curve down shallowly to rest on the top of the pedestal cornice. 77, 89). The small, rectangular window in the second course which lit the back chamber of the pedestal has at some time been blocked with a stone piece braced in place by a vertical clamp. Avec ces grands poids, les romains devraient trouver une façon d'élever ces objets, donc ils ont utilisé une III). Employment of an ‘artificial’ module in the shaft design which dictated the space available for sculptural ornamentation has a major bearing on discussion of the helical frieze content. Upper shaft exterior looking NNE (SW window alignment below broken top opening). Ministère de la maison de l'empereur et des beaux-arts. to demonstrate the great height of the hill and the location of such work. Mass. Pedestal Side 1 inscription (CIL VI.960). Colonne Trajane photographie Détail des spires de la colonne Trajane, inaugurée en 113 après J-C à Rome, la première montrant le passage du Danube par l'armée romaine, conduite par l'empereur Trajan dans sa première campagne contre les Daces, sous le regard bienveillant du dieu-fleuve Dal tempo dei calchi di Luigi XIV e Napoleone III allo stato attuale’, in Francesi 1988, 281-98, Please address questions about the project to Dr Jon Coulston Augustan Tomb of Caecilia Metella, Via Appia, Roma. Colonne Trajane. This has greatly brightened up the monument, and it is hoped that decreased emissions in the city will retard the future build up of surface pollutants. The first illustration represents the principal (southeast) side of the Column’s pedestal. They proceeded thereafter with a lower field until, towards the top, they realized they had over-compensated and had somewhat more space to fill, so the three windings were made especially high. A parallel between the sculpted frieze and the text of Ona-sander (De optimo imperatore, 1st Cent A. D.). Le chapiteau pèse 53.3 tonnes. : Edition illustrée avec les photographies exécutées en 1862 pour napoléon iii en 1862 (Picard histoire de l'art) (French Edition) [Stefan, Chew, Hélène] on Amazon.com. The cornice consists of a bead-and-reel astragal, a narrow fillet, a cyma recta decorated with a double row of upward pointing acanthus leaves, a narrow fillet, an ovolo moulding with bead-and-reel, a plain projecting moulding, an ovolo with two rows of narrow leaves pointing downwards, and a narrow fillet. For the sake of convenience, simplicity, and convention the individual scenes and the clustering of scenes into separate events of the Dacian campaigns follow the divisions originally created by Conrad Cichorius (1896-1900; see bibliography or the original plates).). The overhanging balcony suffered considerable damage over time, and this in particular increased rain-wash erosion on the upper surface of the shaft. A large piece has also been broken away around the joint between blocks of the fourth course (G and H). [Rome] : École française de Rome, 2007 (OCoLC)608432167 Online version: Galinier, Martin. daguerreotype titled, dated and numbered in ink on a label (affixed to verso) 3¾ x 9½in. Paris, Typ. Ils racontent, du point de vue des Romains, le déroulement des guerres que Trajan a menées en Dacie. Détail de la colonne Trajane s Rome Lazio Italie Europe. Ethyl silicate was employed to stabilise surfaces and a hydraulic mortar of lime and pozzolana to fill cracks (Conti 2000, 248). ), an observation with both structural and sculptural implications. Trajan's Column : "inventio", "compositio", "dispositio". Progressing up the shaft, the sculptors were moderately confident until just over half-way through the work, when they seem to have feared that space was running out. La colonne de cavalerie 72038 Trajans en vol Italie Romaine. The column stands on a torus, 0.855m. Pedestal stair first flight, looking SE and down (block joints B-C-F; left window; lamp niche on far wall). Édition illustrÉe avec les photographies exÉcutÉes en 1862 pour napolÉon iii (a. et j. picard, paris 2015). The courses are of unequal heights (bottom to top: 1.165, 1.695, 1.355, 1.940m. They are also of unequal breadths in the first and third courses: in the first the north-west block (A) is narrower (2.40m. CO XIV. The square base of the column is shaped from the top two blocks of the pedestal, separate from the next block up which comprises a banded wreath and torus, plus the lowest part of the shaft, all carved in a single piece. Elle est célèbre pour le bas-relief qui s'enroule en spirale autour de son fût et commémore la victoire de l'empereur Trajan sur les Daces lors … pp. C'est pas sorcier 643,001 views LVDOVI Bottom of shaft, Scenes III-IV (horizontal bar cutting). The height of the letters decreases downwards, line-by-line (0.115-0.095m. Shaft Scenes XLVII-VIII (window with damaged frame); XLIX and LVI-VII (Medieval clamp removal on drum joint line). J.-C, ordonné par Trajan, soit après l'inauguration du forum, qui a eu lieu en janvier 112. Google Arts & Culture features content from over 2000 leading museums and archives who have partnered with the Google Cultural Institute to bring the world's treasures online. En bref. La colonne Trajane a été imitée à Rome même, avec la colonne de Marc Aurèle, aujourd'hui encore dressée sur le Champ-de-Mars (176), et plus tard à Constantinople avec les colonnes de Théodose et d'Arcadius. wide. This module was used on earlier monuments in and around Rome, such as the sides of the Pyramid of Cestius on the Via Ostiensis, and the diameter of the Mausoleum of Caecilia Metella on the Via Appia. D’Amato, C. 2001: ‘La Colonna Traiana: da simbolo ideologico a modello materiale. Four eagles appear carved in high relief on top of the four corners of the pedestal, standing in front of the column base. Un tropaion en cours de construction, détail de la Gemma Augustea, vers 20-30 apr. La colonne Trajane est une colonne commémorative construite en 113 ap. Constructed in 133 AD, Trajan's Column in ancient Rome commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. Refinements in Classical Architecture: Curvature, Philadelphia, 1999, 225-49, Wilson Jones, M. 2000: Principles of Roman Architecture, New Haven, Zanardi, L. 1988: ‘Evoluzione del deperimento della Colonna Traiana. 23). Colonne Trajane et les Forums Impériaux. Trajan’s Forum, hemicycle wall, looking SW (metal clamps quarried out from between blocks). 23, 28-9; Coarelli 2000b, Fig. The “clusters” below mirror those used in the commentary published by Lepper and Frere (1988). In their talons they each clutch the ends of a pair of hanging laurel swags. This had major implications for the sculptures carved on the pedestal dies after assembly. Cut on the small pedestal which supports Victory’s shield in Scene LXXVIII, the text can only be seen on the original stone in raking light: A(nno) D(omini) M 10). 1 Boucher (Paris, 1703-1770) was widely admired for his Rococo-style drawings and etchings, often in the form of portraits of wealthy and powerful peers. alexandre simon stefan, la colonne trajane. Overall, something in the order of 988 tons of marble made up the finished monument (Coarelli 2000b, Fig. The architect of the Forum of Trajan employed 100-foot modules in the layout of the complex, probably 400 feet long and 200 feet wide for the piazza; 200 feet wide and 600 feet long for the Basilica Ulpia. The line drawings of Jules Duvaux were published in W. Froehner’s La Colonne Trajane in 1865. Apart from serious problems with the putative, continuously illustrated pictorial scroll concept, close examination of the Column reveals that the flutings are in higher relief than the frieze. A total of 185 steps took the visitor from the pavement outside the pedestal up to the balcony. 2000: ‘The Forum and Column of Trajan after the Fall of the Empire’, in Coarelli 2000a, 229-44, Catich, E.M. 1968: The Origins of the Serif: Brush Writing and Roman Letters, Davenport Iowa, Coarelli, F. La colonne trajane. straight flights of stairs. This presumably belonged to the miniature 10th century church of S. Nicola de Columna which used the Column as its campanile (Brizzi 2000, 231). Ces deux bâtiments encadraient la colonne trajane. The former doubled the thickness of the wall of blocks A, B and D. The latter supported the central block which bore the weight of the central column of the spiral staircase. Elle a aussi servi de modèle pour des monuments plus récents célébrant la gloire d’autres monarques, comme la colonne Vendôme, à Paris, dédiée à l'empereur Napoléon Ier, qui reprend le principe du bas-relief en spirale, mais sous la forme de plaques de bronzerevêtant un noyau de maçonn… La lisibilite des reliefs de la colonne Trajane, recemment au centre d'une polemique entre Paul Veyne et Salvatore Settis, serait donc effective. 301, pls. ; the top three windings are 1.06-1.45m. The lettering, on which many modern typefaces are directly based, has always been considered as the finest manifestation of the Roman epigraphic artform. Erosion damage may be discerned by comparing casts made in 1665-70 with others made in 1861-62. A total of 185 steps took the visitor from the pavement outside the pedestal up to the balcony. This was presumably designed to improve the integrity of the overall pedestal, but also may have been influenced by the geological availability of the monolithic blocks in the quarry. on the north-west side (Side 3), in order to illuminate the back room to best effect in the afternoon, and the middle of the first and second(?) 2. Monumental texts were inscribed across multiple blocks on building facades, but at this scale such visual interruption could be, and was, avoided. high pedestal, and made of Carrara marble. The staircase then enters into an anticlockwise spiral or helix, in 11 turns, 14 steps in each full turn. Monolithic blocks were similarly employed for the surviving thresholds of such buildings as the Augustan Temple of Concord in the Forum Romanum, the Trajanic-Hadrianic Pantheon, and the Hadrianic Capitolium at Ostia. The overall height is 35.07m. Date 1532-36 Creator Baldassare Peruzzi Country Italy Current Site Rome Work Type Palaces, etc. Column of Marcus Aurelius, Roma, Scene LV, Victory and drum joint. The decision was made not to fashion the pedestal from one, immensely heavy block. The reliefs of the Trajan's Column are considered as both an historical account of the Dadan Wars and a sequence of exempla pointing to 'ideal' behaviour-patterns for the Emperor and his Army. Thus its diameter varies at different points from a maximum of 3.68m. J.-C. – Rome items are depicted over all four sides at a scale of approximately 115% life-size. 8/11 - Détail de la colonne Trajane, auxilliaire romain abreuvant son cheval.